Basic Review of Romans

• In Romans 1-11, Paul explains the gospel.
• In Romans 12-15, Paul encourages the believers with how they should live in light of knowing the gospel.

Review Romans 14

• Do not pass judgement on one another
  • Based on what this chapter says, why should we not pass judgement on others?
  • Hint: v6-7
• Do not cause another to stumble
  • Based on what this chapter says, why should we not cause one another to stumble?
  • Hint: v19

Romans 15

v1-7 The Example of Christ 

• Because of Christ's example on the cross
  • Bear with the failings of the weak (v1)
  • Build up our neighbors (v2)
  • Welcome one another (v7)
• By Christ's example
  • live in harmony with one another
• Glorify God together

v8-13 Christ the Hope of Jews and Gentiles

• Jews, "the circumcised" (v8)
  • Christ became a servant
  • Confirmed the promises to the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob)
• Gentiles
  • "Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles"
  • "in him will the Gentiles hope"

v14-21 Paul the Minister to the Gentiles

• Paul wanted the Gentiles to be accepted by God (v16)
• He wanted to bring them to obedience by word and deed (v18)
• This fulfills the ministry of the gospel of Christ (v19)
• He wanted to preach to people who never heard of the gospel because the Bible said that such people will believe (v20-21)
• Brief Discussion on Ambition
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVhd9ZHkrx4

v22-33 Paul's plan to visit Rome

• Paul explains that ministering to the Gentiles is why he couldn't come to visit them in Rome even though he wants to (v22-23)
• Paul is going to Spain and Jerusalem and hopes to see them on his way (v24)
• Paul asks them to pray for him so that he can be protected from the hostility of the Jews and see them (v30-31)

Bibliography

• Reformation Study Bible

The gentiles grafted in:

v11-16

• So I ask, did they stumble in order that they might fall? By no means! Rather through their trespass salvation has come to the Gentiles, so as to make Israel jealous. v11
  • "It is a matter for profound regret that just as Israel refused to accept this salvation when it was offered to them, so the Gentiles have all too often refused to make Israel envious. Instead of showing to God's ancient people the attractiveness of the Christian way, Christians have characteristically treated the Jews with hatred, prejudice, persecution, malice, and all uncharitableness. Christians should not take this passage calmly." (Morris)
• Discussion Questions:
  • Why did Paul want the Gentiles to make Israel jealous? Isn't jealousy bad?
    • Paul is merely expressing his desire for the Jews to be attracted to the Christian way through the Gentiles. He wanted the Gentiles to show the benefits of knowing Christ, ultimately showing how beautiful Christ is. We are supposed to be lights to a dark world. What's wrong with our world today? There's big issues like racism, poverty, slavery, and injustice. There's individual issues like insecurity, broken families, abuse, the need for acceptance, the search for life meaning. But Christians are at peace and they are have a sure hope. How? We have the cure, we have the hope: Jesus Christ. In Christ, we have new life and through Christ, God will restore everything back to the way it was. Isn't that amazing?
  • Reflection question: Are you "living radically" for Jesus Christ so as to make others "jealous"?
  • How do you practically live radically for Jesus Christ in such a way to make others jealous?
    • This can be done in many ways. For example, being able to love others without expecting anything in return. That can only truly be done by reflecting on the gospel. In the gospel, we see God loving us when we couldn't give Him back anything in return. Now we can extend that to our friends. And since we find joy and peace from God alone, we don't have to turn to our friends for it. We can truly love them unselfishly. This would make them want to know more about who this Jesus is that causes you to love them like this.
    • But if we really want to live a radical life that would draw people to Jesus, we need to draw to Jesus ourselves. When I was your age, I would hear passages like this and I would want to make my friends think Christianity was cool. It's good to care about what people think about Christianity, but your job isn't to make it cool. Your job is grow in your relationship with God and then share about Him with others. Trying to make Christianity cool, when you're not really following Christ is like making people think guitar playing is cool, but you don't really play. People only get jealous of your guitar skills if you had been playing a lot. And when you've been playing at that level, you don't play because you want people to think guitar playing is cool, rather you play because you genuinely love playing guitar. And so focus on your relationship with God. Be in the Word everyday. Pray everyday. Keep a journal. As you grow in your relationship with God, it will just come one day when people are interested in knowing more about this Jesus that you are so in love with (but of course you still have to preach the gospel with words as well!).
  • Application point:
    • We should be sharing the gospel to everyone. If you have a Jewish friend, like Paul, you should desire for them to accept Christ. Sometimes you guys tell me that you won't evangelize to a friend of yours because he or she is Jewish. Why do you guys say that? Christianity isn't like a sport or a club. It's not a side thing or an extracurricular activity that you do. Like you go to your church on Sundays and your friends go to their synagogues. and that's their religion and Christianity is yours. No.

v17-24

• Do not be arrogant toward the branches. v18
• For if God did not spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you. v21
• And even they, if they do not continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God has the power to graft them in again. v23
• Discussion Questions:
  • Say you are in class and the teacher starts talking about an exam you and your classmates took a week before. In it, there was an essay section and the teacher starts talking about how terrible the class did and how disappointed she is in the quality of writing she saw. Then she says, "but there was one student who gave a good answer. Let me read their essay" and then she starts reading your essay. How would you feel at that moment? What would you think of your classmates?
    • you would feel proud right? You might even look down on them. Why? Because you're better than them. But see this is why the gospel is so humbling. Because we are not saved or accepted based on our works. We have no right to be arrogant toward others. It is because of God and what He has done that we are where we are. Even the knowledge that you have about God is given to you by His grace. So this is what is so beautiful about the gospel. You have the teacher's affirmation, acceptance, and praise, but you are still humble because you know that it wasn't because of you that you have the teacher's affirmation and acceptance, and praise. But rather it is in fact because of the teacher's initiative that you are affirmed and accepted and praised. and who is that teacher I am referring to? Jesus Christ. And He's not only our teacher, but our, Lord and Master. Our king, our prophet, our priest. That is something no other person or worldview can offer you.
  • This passage seems to suggest that if we disobey God, we will be cut off. But wasn't our acceptance based upon what Christ has done and not what we have done? How do we reconcile these two ideas?
    • Our acceptance is based upon what Christ has done and not what we have done. When we are a new creation, we are a new creation. There's no going back to the old creation. I think this passage has in mind cases where people seem to be Christians, but then later on down the road, they "stop believing". What do we say about such people? We say 1) maybe the person was never a believer in the first place. Maybe they were never a new creation, a child of God in the first place. or 2) maybe the person is still a child of God, but is just in temporary rebellion and will come back eventually. But ultimately, we don't know and will never know until their life is over (But even then we won't really know because we can't read someone's heart). The key here is that we won't know until their life is over. Notice how Paul says things like "provided you continue in His kindness" and "if they do not continue in their unbelief". So he's saying you were grafted in, you know the truth. But don't be arrogant, but rather fear, because maybe in the future you will be disobedient and so prove that you were not really a child of God.

The mystery of Israel's salvation:
v25-32

• a partial hardening has come upon Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in. And in this way all Israel will be saved. v25-26
• For just as you were at one time disobedient to God but now have received mercy because of their disobedience, so they too have now been disobedient in order that by the mercy shown to you they also may now receive mercy. For God has consigned all to disobedience, that he may have mercy on all. v30-32

v33-36

• Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways! v33

​
Bibliography

• Enduring Word Media by David Guzik

Video from the Bible Project
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7ySEFIfdrI

Recap of chapter 10

• Paul was talking about how much he wanted the Jews to be saved. They have a zeal but not according to knowledge.
• We are not saved by works of the law. Because, if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.
• Everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord will be saved.
• But who will call upon the name of the Lord unless someone preaches the gospel to them.
• Israel heard but they were disobedient and did not understand.

The remnant of Israel:
v1-10

• Has God rejected ethnic Israel? v1
• Elijah appeals to God to go against Israel because they were after him, but God declares that there is a remnant chosen by grace. Not based on their works. v2
  • Define: remnant
    • literal definition: the remaining, the leftover scraps
    • those chosen by God to be saved or to be kept by Him
    • This is like the story of Noah. Mankind was evil. Did God choose to give up on mankind? No, there is a remnant. and how was Noah saved? by the ark. The ark is pointing to Christ. If you are found in the ark, you are saved. If you are found in Christ, you are saved.
    • If you are a Christian, you are part of the remnant.
      • For the gate is narrow and the way is hard that leads to life, and those who find it are few. Matt 7:14
  • Define: baal
    • "Baal was the name of the supreme god worshiped in ancient Canaan and Phoenicia. The practice of Baal worship infiltrated Jewish religious life during the time of the Judges, became widespread in Israel during the reign of Ahab and also affected Judah. The word baal means 'lord'; the plural is baalim. In general, Baal was a fertility god who was believed to enable the earth to produce crops and people to produce children."
    • "Elijah called for a showdown on Mt. Carmel to prove once and for all who the true God was. All day long, 450 prophets of Baal called on their god to send fire from heaven but 'there was no response, no one answered, no one paid attention' (1 Kings 18:29). After Baal’s prophets gave up, Elijah prayed a simple prayer, and God answered immediately with fire from heaven. The evidence was overwhelming, and the people 'fell prostrate and cried, ‘The LORD–he is God! The LORD–he is God!’'"
  • Discussion Questions:
    • Have you ever done or thought something so evil or so shameful that you didn't want anyone to know about it? You don't have to answer that question, but maybe you can discuss this: Why don't you want anyone to know about it? Read v2 again. How can you find comfort from this section?
      • God knows everything and sees everything you do or think. He created you. He knows you better than you know yourself.  You are actually worse than you think you are, because your sin can sometimes blind you. But you know what? Even though you are like this, if you are a Christian, God does not reject you. Why? Because you are loved and accepted by God independent of who you are, what you've thought, because of grace. God chose you and is working in you to be conformed to the image of His son. If you are not a Christian, God is offering you today the chance to repent and believe.
    • Have you ever heard of the phrases "you do you?" or "let it go, let it go, can't hold it back anymore...I don't care, what they're going to say"? What do you think society is trying to teach you through these phrases? What human heart issue is society trying to address through these phrases? and what answer does Christianity have?
      • There is some truth to these statements, but what culture is trying to teach you is that you should find out who you really are and live that out independent on what people think... But don't you see the irony? Culture is telling you not to care about what it thinks of you. I think no matter what, we will base our identity, our meaning, on what someone else says. Why do we care so much about pleasing our parents or our friends? Why is it such an amazing feeling to know that your crush likes you back? Because someone you think highly of also thinks highly of you. That's the greatest feeling isn't it? J.R.R Tolkein says, "the praise of the praise worthy is above all rewards". This is why Christ is so beautiful- But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God. John 1:12 ESV
• Has Israel failed to obtain what it was seeking? No. The elect obtained it, but the rest were hardened. Seeking God based on 10:20. v7
  • Define: elect
    • those chosen by God

The gentiles grafted in:
v11-16

• So I ask, did they stumble in order that they might fall? By no means! Rather through their trespass salvation has come to the Gentiles, so as to make Israel jealous. v11
  • "It is a matter for profound regret that just as Israel refused to accept this salvation when it was offered to them, so the Gentiles have all too often refused to make Israel envious. Instead of showing to God's ancient people the attractiveness of the Christian way, Christians have characteristically treated the Jews with hatred, prejudice, persecution, malice, and all uncharitableness. Christians should not take this passage calmly." (Morris)
• Discussion Questions:
  • Why did Paul want the Gentiles to make Israel jealous? Isn't jealousy bad?
    • Paul is merely expressing his desire for the Jews to be attracted to the Christian way through the Gentiles. He wanted the Gentiles to show the benefits of knowing Christ, ultimately showing how beautiful Christ is. We are supposed to be lights to a dark world. What's wrong with our world today? There's big issues like racism, poverty, slavery, and injustice. There's individual issues like insecurity, broken families, abuse, the need for acceptance, the search for life meaning. But Christians are at peace and they are have a sure hope. How? We have the cure, we have the hope: Jesus Christ. In Christ, we have new life and through Christ, God will restore everything back to the way it was. Isn't that amazing?
  • Reflection question: Are you "living radically" for Jesus Christ so as to make others "jealous"?

Bibliography

• Enduring Word Media by David Guzik
• http://www.gotquestions.org/Bible-remnant.html
• http://www.gotquestions.org/who-Baal.html
• Tim Keller | Our Identity: The Christian Alternative to Late Modernity's Story (11/11/2015)
  
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ehw87PqTwKw

Living according to the Spirit
v1-17

• Discuss: Have you ever heard of the phrase "Fitness is a lifestyle"? What does that mean? How does that relate to the way a Christian should live?
  • Clue: Romans 8:5
  • For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit set their minds on the things of the Spirit.
    (Romans 8:5 ESV)
• Reflect: Would you say that you are living according to the flesh or according to the Spirit?
  • Do you cuss? Have you ever thought about whether your speech is in step with the Spirit?
  • Do you set your mind on the things of the Spirit?
  • When you go to school, what is on your mind? Are you thinking about doing well in school so that you don't feel bad or end up homeless? Or doing well in school to honor God and bring Him glory in your future career?
  • When you see your friends, do you ever think about sharing to them about Jesus?
  • Do you read God's Word? If you do not know God's Word, then how can you set your mind on the things of the Spirit?
    • How can a young man keep his way pure?
      By guarding it according to your word.
      With my whole heart I seek you;
      let me not wander from your commandments!
      I have stored up your word in my heart,
      that I might not sin against you.
      (Psalm 119:9-11 ESV)
  • Tell them that they can come to me if they need help.
• Illustration: Working out, going to the gym. Fitness is a lifestyle. You don't work out and then go eat junk food afterwards.
• Discuss: Name something that God commands us to but you don't like doing. Why don't you like doing that thing?
• Discuss: What should we do when we find ourselves not wanting to do those things?
  • Look to the cross. Think about the gospel. Read Romans 8:11. Rest in the fact that the Holy Spirit will help you.
• Read Romans 8:6 - For to set the mind on the flesh is death, but to set the mind on the Spirit is life and peace.
• For those who don't see the point of going to church, who feel nothing at church. Or for those love God but feel unmotivated about God's commands. This is for you (and me).
  • I think the reason why you or we are feeling like that is because we need to think bigger. We need to think beyond the things that we think will bring us joy. We need to move from setting our minds on the flesh, to setting our mind on the Spirit.
  • Show clip from Dr. Paul Jeon
  • Revisit Evangelism. When you're thinking about eternity, it becomes easier evangelize.
  • Reflect: Finish this sentence: “Life only has meaning if/I only have worth if/I would only be happy if…" For me, I often find that I finish it with "Ms. 'Right' is in love with me." (Relationship idolatry)
    • Whatever that thing is, that's the thing you set your mind to. You need to repent of that or else you will find death. That thing will bring you to destruction in this life and the next. It leads you further away from God and it leads to a dead end.
  • Illustration: Child in a sandbox in the parking lot by the beach, so content with his sandbox but not knowing that there's a greater sandbox next to him.
  • Illustration: Working out, going to the gym. We endure temporary pain for fitness, or to look better. Even on days when you don't feel like going to church. You should go. When you don't feel like reading your Bible. Read it. You don't become jacked in one day, but you know that over time, you get better.

Suffering
v18-39

• Discuss: Do you think God allows us to suffer? Why or Why not?
• Discuss: Does God care about our suffering?
• Reflect: Maybe things aren't going well in your life right now, have you ever thought to ask God why these things are happening?
• Discuss: How does God's love and the gospel speak to our suffering?
• Share my testimony about Romans 8:28
• Glory in Suffering:
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPTktQFnKKs

• For us:
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wl9WeHb7u9s

Conclusion: Whatever suffering, we're going through. I hope we can bring it before God and before each other. Even through suffering, let's continue to live according to the Spirit because Jesus is worth everything.

For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us. For the creation waits with eager longing for the revealing of the sons of God.
(Romans 8:18-19 ESV)

Bibliography:

• http://jamedders.com/heart-idols/
• http://newcityva.com/pages/page.asp?page_id=217064&programId=156186